Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:18 Issue: 6, 2014

Currently، concern about body shape is an important issue for teenagers that should be studied more. The aim of the present study was to examine the factor analysis، validity and reliability of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34) in a sample of students in Kermanshah University Medical of Science. This study was carried out on 273 students، selected through convenient sampling method، in Kermanshah University Medical of Science. The BSQ-34 was translated into Persian. Data collection tools were BSQ-34 and Appearance Schema Inventory (ASI). The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using Spearman correlation coefficient، factor analysis، Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman split-half correlation. The coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha، split-half and test-retest reliability were 0. 95، 0. 93 and 0. 82، respectively. The correlation coefficient of this questionnaire with Appearance Schema Inventory (ASI) was 0. 63. The results of factor analysis showed 6 factors accounted for 61. 87% of the questionnaire variance in total. The 34-item Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34) enjoys satisfactory internal consistency and desirable validity and reliability in the case of Iranian students.

HbA1C has been used as an important factor for assessment of blood glucose control in diabetic patients during the past few months. The aim of this study was to use HbA1c at the time of diagnosis in diabetic children as a predictive factor to control diabetes in the following months. In this analytic -comparative study، HbA1C was analyzed in 60 patients with diabetes type 1 at the time of diagnosis and then rechecked 6 months after insulin treatment. The results were evaluated in terms of analysis of HbA1c by U-Mann-Whitney test and analysis of predictive value of HbA1c by Roc curve. The findings revealed that at the time of diagnosis، 47 diabetic infants were reported with HbA1C≤8 and 8 cases with HbA1C≥10. After starting the treatment and finishing the 6-month period، 39 cases had HbA1C≤8 (P<0. 05). Those with a lower level of HbA1C at the time of diagnosis indicated a better blood glucose control after 6 months of treatment. The results showed lower level of HbA1C at the time of diagnosis is accompanied by a better blood glucose control after 6 months of treatment. Therefore، low level of HbA1c at the beginning of diabetes could be indicative of the level of glycemic control in the future.

In recent years، overweight and obesity have dramatically increased in many countries، and this trend is also visible among children. Childhood obesity will increase the chance of obesity and its associated diseases in adulthood. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in middle school students of Pakdasht. In this cross-sectional study، 995 female students were selected from all middle schools of Pakdasht city، Tehran Province by stratified random sampling method. The required information on demographic variables، social determinants of health، type of entertainment، daily physical activity and eating habits was collected and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The mean age of students was 12. 6 years. Finally، 9. 1% and 15. 1% of the students were obese and overweight، respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with age، type of transportation to school، time of computer use، first-degree family history of obesity and daily physical activity. Overweight and obesity were also independently related to type of transportation to school، time of computer use، first-degree family history of obesity، birth weight and daily physical activity based on the results of multivariate analysis. Considering the relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in middle school students، it is necessary to design and implement ongoing interventional and multidimensional programms in order to declin or eliminate the mentioned risk factors.

Given the increasing pollution and decreasing quality of water resources due to agricultural، industrial and urban development activities، this study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of As، Zn، Pb and Cu in groundwater resources of Qahavand Plain and to prepare the zoning map using GIS. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 selected wells during two spring and summer in 2012. The concentrations of elements in the samples were determined by ICP after laboratory preparations. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package. Also، spatial distribution map of elements was prepared by ArcGIS software using Kriging Method. The results showed that mean concentrations of As، Zn، Pb and Cu in groundwater samples in the spring were 7. 5±1. 2، 13. 7±2. 1، 2. 5±0. 4 and 9. 2±2 ppb، respectively، and mean concentrations of these elements in groundwater samples in the summer were 9±1. 2، 7. 1±1. 9، 2. 8±0. 65 and 9. 3±1. 2 ppb، respectively. Also، the results of one-sample t-test، comparing the mean concentrations of evaluated metals in groundwater samples with WHO and ISIRI showed a significant difference with permissible limit (P<0. 001)، so that the mean concentration of all metals was lower than the standard limit. The mean concentration of Zn was significantly lower in the summer than in the spring (P=0. 003). Although، the current groundwater resources of Qahavand Plain are not exceedingly polluted with heavy metals، long-term and excessive use of agricultural inputs and construction of polluting industries can threaten the groundwater resources of this area، followed by irreversible consequences such as health-related risks for consumers.

Emotion control skill teaches the individuals how to identify their emotions and how to express and control them in various situations. The aim of this study was to normalize and measure the internal and external validity and reliability of emotion control test. This standardization study was carried out on a statistical society، including all pupils، students، teachers، nurses and university professors in Kermanshah in 2012، using Williams’ emotion control scale. The subjects included 1،500 (810 females and 690 males) people who were selected by stratified random sampling. Williams (1997) emotion control scale، was used to collect the required data. Emotional Control Scale is a tool for measuring the degree of control people have over their emotions. This scale has four subscales، including anger، depressed mood، anxiety and positive affect. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using correlation and Cronbach''s alpha tests. The results of internal consistency of the questionnaire reported by Cronbach''s alpha indicated an acceptable internal consistency for emotional control scale، and the correlation between the subscales of the test and between the items of the questionnaire was significant at 0. 01 confidence level. The validity of emotion control scale among the pupils، students، teachers، nurses and teachers in Iran has an acceptable range، and the test itemswere correlated with each other، thereby making them appropriate for measuring emotion control.

Coronary artery and carotid stenosis risk factors are frequently common in these two problems. The present study was aimed to determine the relationships between carotid arthroscleroses and coronary artery stenosis in candidates for cardiovascular angiography. In a cross sectional study، 218 candidates for cardiovascular angiography، visiting Imam Ali hospital of Kermanshah، were divided into two groups of case (158 subjects) and control (60 subjects) and were investigated by angiography and Doppler echo. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test (χ2) and multiple logistic regressions. Totally، 47 subjects (21. 6%) had carotid stenosis with >50% plaque. The frequencies of this value in the case and control groups were 37 (23. 4%) and 10 (16. 7%) cases، respectively، indicating no significant difference between groups (P=0. 27). There was a significant association between coronary artery and carotid stenosis، and female gender (P=0. 008). However، no significant correlation was observed between smoking and history of hypertension in terms of age (P<0. 05). There was no significant association between coronary artery and carotid stenosis occurrence. However، among independent risk factors، only females had an effective role in their co-occurrence. Therefore، considering the females with coronary artery or carotid stenosis and conducting preventive measures are recommended to prevent co-occurrence of these two problems.

Considering the health care importance of indoor radon، especially in the case of lung cancer، this study was aimed to evaluate indoor radon and thoron levels in three hospitals of Kermanshah city with high recourse. Measurements of indoor radon and thoron levels in Imam Reza، Imam Khomaini and Taleghani hospital buildings in Kermanshah city in different parts، including ICU، inpatient wards، operating rooms and offices were done using RTM 1688-2 radon meter. Measurements were performed in three months of fall season in 2012 (once per month)، and totally 102 measurements were done. The annual effective dose was assessed using the equation for annual effective dose calculation introduced by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Average indoor radon and thoron levels were 11. 44±4. 9 Bq/m3 and 4±3. 9 Bq/m3، respectively. Maximum radon concentration was measured in Imam Raza hospital (13. 7±4. 3 Bq/m3) and minimum radon concentration was observed in Imam khomaini hospital (6. 8±4. 4 Bq/m3). The average annual effective dose due to radon and thoron was estimated to be 0. 13 mSv/y. Based on the results، radon and thoron levels and their average effective dose in all hospital buildings were below the proposed limits. The concentrations of radon and thoron were influenced by natural and artificial ventilation of the rooms and building materials used for walls and floors. Radon and thoron concentration level was reported high in ICU.

In Factitious Disorder by proxy، one person (perpetrator) induces the disease in another person، thereby seeking emotional needs during the treatment process Diagnosis of this disorder is very difficult and there is not much consensus over it among experts. Lack of timely diagnosis of this disorder may lead to serious harms in patients. We will introduce a 19 year-old boy with mental retardation and history of multiple admissions to psychiatric، internal، urology and surgery wards. He has a 12 year-old sister and a 4 year-old brother، both with history of multiple admissions to pediatrics and internal wards. The father of family was 48 years old with chronic mental disorder، drug dependency and history of multiple admissions to medical، psychiatry and neurology wards. The mother of this family was diagnosed with munchausen syndrome by proxy.